Which historic battle occurred in 1861 in West Virginia?

The Battle of Philippi, which took place in June 1861, is significant as it is recognized as the first land battle of the American Civil War that occurred in what is now West Virginia. This battle involved Union forces attempting to confront Confederate troops, and it was part of the larger context of West Virginia's statehood movements and the surrounding military actions in that region during the early stages of the conflict.

This event is pivotal in understanding the early military strategies and geographical importance of West Virginia, which was contested due to its location and resources. The consequences of the battle helped set the stage for the formation of West Virginia as a separate state later in 1863, reflecting the complexities of loyalty and governance during the Civil War.

The other battles listed in the choices occurred in different locations and times—Antietam and Gettysburg were major battles in Maryland and Pennsylvania, respectively, while Bull Run took place in Virginia—none of which directly relate to the early conflict in West Virginia.